{"id":1829,"date":"2023-11-05T17:15:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-05T17:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/procedura-ordonantei-de-plata-o-varianta-rapida-si-accesibila-de-recuperare-a-datoriilor\/"},"modified":"2024-02-21T16:19:15","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T16:19:15","slug":"procedura-ordonantei-de-plata-o-varianta-rapida-si-accesibila-de-recuperare-a-datoriilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/en\/procedura-ordonantei-de-plata-o-varianta-rapida-si-accesibila-de-recuperare-a-datoriilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Procedura ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103: o variant\u0103 rapid\u0103 \u0219i accesibil\u0103 de recuperare a datoriilor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Procedura ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103 reglementat\u0103 prin noul Cod de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103 \u00eenlocuie\u015fte at\u00e2t procedura soma\u0163iei de plat\u0103, con\u0163inut\u0103 \u00een O.G. nr. 5\/2001, c\u00e2t \u015fi procedura ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103, prev\u0103zut\u0103 de O.U.G. nr. 119\/2007 privind m\u0103surile pentru combaterea \u00eent\u00e2rzierii execut\u0103rii obliga\u0163iilor de plat\u0103 rezultate din contracte \u00eentre profesioni\u015fti. Astfel, prin Legea nr. 76\/2012 pentru punerea \u00een aplicare a Codului de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103 au fost abrogate expres at\u00e2t O.G. nr. 5\/2001, c\u00e2t \u015fi O.U.G. nr. 119\/2007. Caracteristicile celor dou\u0103 proceduri paralele au fost reunite \u00eentr-una nou\u0103, cea a ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103, care se distinge prin aceea c\u0103 este o procedur\u0103 special\u0103, facultativ\u0103, contencioas\u0103, accelerat\u0103 \u015fi abreviat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Reglementat\u0103 \u00een Codul de Procedur\u0103 Civil\u0103, articolele 1014-1025, aceasta reprezint\u0103 o modalitate rapid\u0103 de recuperare a crean\u0163elor raportat\u0103 la timpul alocat unei proceduri de drept comun.<\/h2>\n

Ca \u015fi domeniu de aplicare, textul de lege distinge expres c\u0103 prin aceast\u0103 cale simplificat\u0103 pot fi valorificate numai crean\u0163ele certe, lichide \u015fi exigibile ce constau \u00een obliga\u0163ii de plat\u0103 a unor sume de bani care rezult\u0103 dintr-un contract civil, inclusiv din cele \u00eencheiate \u00eentre un profesionist \u015fi o autoritate contractant\u0103. Un exemplu de crean\u0163\u0103 ce nu intr\u0103 \u00een sfera procedurii \u00een cauz\u0103 este aceea rezultat\u0103 dintr-un raport de munc\u0103 dintre un angajat \u015fi angajator, precum plata salariului, a orelor suplimentare, a cheltuielilor de deplasare \u015fi alte asemenea cheltuieli. Nu sunt incluse nici crean\u0163ele \u00eenscrise la masa credal\u0103 \u00een cadrul procedurii de insolven\u0163\u0103, a\u015fa cum este men\u0163ionat expres \u00een Codul de Procedur\u0103 Civil\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cu privire la ipoteza folosirii procedurii ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103 pentru recuperarea unor crean\u021be provenite din contracte de achizi\u021bie public\u0103, am \u00eent\u00e2lnit situa\u021bii \u00een care autorit\u0103\u021bile contractante, ce erau chemate \u00een judecat\u0103 \u00een calitate de debitori, alegeau s\u0103 se apere invoc\u00e2nd faptul c\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bile au \u00eencheiat un contract administrativ, nu unul civil, motiv pentru care procedura prev\u0103zut\u0103 de art. 1014 \u0219i urm\u0103toarele din Codul de Procedur\u0103 Civil\u0103 nu ar fi fost aplicabil\u0103.<\/p>\n

Am r\u0103spuns cu succes acestor ap\u0103r\u0103ri ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 legiuitorul a prev\u0103zut \u00een mod expres \u00een cadrul art. 1014 Cod Procedur\u0103 Civil\u0103 faptul c\u0103 procedura ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103 se aplic\u0103 \u201einclusiv celor (contractelor) \u00eencheiate \u00eentre un profesionist \u0219i o autoritate contractant\u0103.\u201d. Astfel, articolul nu trebuie interpretat \u00een sensul c\u0103 pe calea ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103 pot fi recuperate numai sumele rezultate dintr-un contract civil \u00eencheiat \u00eentre un profesionist \u0219i o autoritate contractant\u0103, ci \u00een sensul c\u0103 pe aceast\u0103 cale pot fi recuperate \u0219i crean\u021bele izvor\u00e2te din contracte administrative, \u00eentruc\u00e2t legiuitorul a privit contractul administrativ ca fiind o specie a contractului civil. De altfel, este greu de imaginat care ar putea fi obiectul unui contract civil \u00eencheiat \u00eentre un profesionist \u0219i o autoritatea contractant\u0103, opinia noastr\u0103 fiind \u00een sensul c\u0103 toate contractele \u00een cadrul c\u0103rora una dintre p\u0103r\u021bi este o autoritate public\u0103 sunt implicit contracte de achizi\u021bie public\u0103 (de tip administrativ). A\u0219a cum s-a ar\u0103tat \u00een repetate r\u00e2nduri \u00een doctrin\u0103, contractului administrativ se supune at\u00e2t regulilor de drept administrativ, c\u00e2t \u0219i regulilor de drept civil, nefiind altceva dec\u00e2t o modalitate a contractului civil reglementat de art. 1166 \u0219i urm. din Codul Civil.<\/p>\n

De\u015fi contractul de achizi\u0163ie public\u0103 este, prin defini\u0163ia sa, un contract administrativ, obliga\u0163iile de plat\u0103 a unor sume de bani care rezult\u0103 din acesta au natur\u0103 civil\u0103, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 le sunt aplicabile toate acele proceduri oferite de lege pentru recuperarea crean\u021belor civile, inclusiv procedura ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103.<\/h3>\n

Subliniem \u0219i faptul c\u0103 aplicarea procedurii ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103 \u00een domeniul contractelor de achizi\u0163ie public\u0103 reiese \u015fi din dispozi\u021biile Legii nr. 72\/2013 privind m\u0103surile pentru combaterea \u00eent\u00e2rzierii \u00een executarea obliga\u0163iilor de plat\u0103 a unor sume de bani rezult\u00e2nd din contracte \u00eencheiate \u00eentre profesioni\u015fti \u015fi \u00eentre ace\u015ftia si autorit\u0103\u0163i contractante, art. 16 din aceast\u0103 lege f\u0103c\u00e2nd trimitere expres\u0103 la dispozi\u0163iile privind ordonan\u0163a de plat\u0103 din Codul de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103.<\/p>\n

Anterior introducerii cererii de emitere a ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103, creditorii trebuie s\u0103 urmeze o procedur\u0103 prealabil\u0103 obligatorie, const\u00e2nd \u00een somarea debitorului pentru a i se pune \u00een vedere s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 suma datorat\u0103 \u00een termen de 15 zile de la primire soma\u021biei. Variantele posibile pentru comunicarea soma\u021biei c\u0103tre debitor sunt: expedierea acesteia prin scrisoare recomandat\u0103, cu valoare declarat\u0103 \u0219i confirmare de primire, sau notificarea prin intermediul executorului judec\u0103toresc, aceasta din urm\u0103 presupun\u00e2nd costuri pu\u021bin mai ridicate. \u00cen practic\u0103, am \u00eent\u00e2lnit situa\u021bii \u00een care creditorii au f\u0103cut dovada efectu\u0103rii procedurii prealabile prin prezentarea soma\u021biei ce purta num\u0103r de intrare aplicat de c\u0103tre secretariatul societ\u0103\u021bii debitoare, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 instan\u021bele de judecat\u0103 verific\u0103, \u00een concret, dac\u0103 debitorul era sau nu informat cu privire la preten\u021biile creditorului, put\u00e2nd s\u0103 treac\u0103 peste aspectele de form\u0103 ale procedurii de comunicare a soma\u021biei.<\/p>\n

Cererea de emitere a ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103 trebuie introdus\u0103 la instan\u0163a competent\u0103 pentru judecarea fondului \u00een prima instan\u0163\u0103, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103, folosind criteriul valorii obiectului cererii, ar putea fi competent\u0103 fie judec\u0103toria, fie tribunalul de la sediul\/domiciliul p\u00e2r\u00e2tului.
\nPe l\u00e2ng\u0103 debitul principal, creditorul poate recupera pe aceast\u0103 cale \u0219i penalit\u0103\u021bile de \u00eent\u00e2rziere. Dac\u0103 acestea nu au fost stabilite prin contract, se va putea solicita dob\u00e2nda legal\u0103 penalizatoare, calculat\u0103 la data de referin\u0163\u0103 aferent\u0103.<\/p>\n

De esen\u021ba acestei proceduri este faptul c\u0103 singura prob\u0103 admisibil\u0103 este cea cu \u00eenscrisuri. A\u0219adar, p\u0103r\u021bile trebuie s\u0103 anexeze cererii introductive, respectiv, \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103rii, toate \u00eenscrisurile pe care \u00een\u021beleg s\u0103 le foloseasc\u0103 \u00een proba\u021biune. Suplimentarea probei cu \u00eenscrisuri \u00een faza cercet\u0103rii judec\u0103tore\u0219ti este, de cele mai multe ori, cenzurat\u0103 de instan\u021ba de judecat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Depunerea \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103rii de c\u0103tre debitor este obligatorie. \u00cen situa\u021bia \u00een care debitorul nu depune \u00eent\u00e2mpinare, instan\u0163a va putea prezuma c\u0103 acesta recunoa\u015fte tacit preten\u0163iile reclamantului.<\/h3>\n

Un avantaj important al procedurii este emiterea ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103 \u00een termen de cel mult 45 de zile de la introducerea cererii, cu condi\u021bia ca debitorul nu conteste crean\u0163a, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een calculul termenului nu intr\u0103 \u015fi perioada necesar\u0103 pentru comunicarea actelor de procedur\u0103 \u015fi \u00eent\u00e2rzierea cauzat\u0103 de creditor. Atunci c\u00e2nd instan\u021ba constat\u0103 c\u0103 preten\u0163iile creditorului sunt \u00eentemeiate, se va emite ordonan\u0163a de plat\u0103 care va preciza suma ce trebuie platit\u0103 \u015fi termenul de plat\u0103, ce nu poate fi mai mic de 10 zile \u015fi nici nu va dep\u0103\u015fi 30 de zile. Acest termen este unul de recomandare, \u00een sensul c\u0103 p\u0103r\u0163ile pot deroga de la el, stabilind un altul, mai scurt sau mai lung.<\/p>\n

Debitorul poate contesta solu\u021bia primei instan\u021be printr-o cerere \u00een anulare, formulat\u0103 \u00een termen de 10 zile de la comunicarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rii judec\u0103tore\u0219ti. Prin aceast\u0103 cerere pot fi invocate exclusiv nerespectarea cerin\u0163elor pentru emiterea ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103 sau cauze de stingere a obliga\u0163iei ulterioare emiterii ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103. Calea de atac nu va suspenda executarea. Suspendarea poate avea loc doar la cererea debitorului, prin plata unei cau\u0163iuni \u00eentr-un cuantum stabilit de instan\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n

Am p\u0103strat pentru final argumentul decisiv \u00een favoarea recuper\u0103rii crean\u021belor pe aceast\u0103 cale, \u0219i anume acela c\u0103 taxa de timbru pentru acest demers judiciar este fix\u0103, de 200 de lei, spre deosebire de procedura de drept comun care presupune achitarea unei taxe de timbru raportate la valoarea crean\u021bei.<\/p>\n

Pentru a putea apela la aceast\u0103 procedur\u0103 rapid\u0103 \u0219i ieftin\u0103 de recuperare a datoriilor, creditorii trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 o atitudine diligent\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din faza negocierii contractelor pe care le \u00eencheie, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 determine clar, prin clauze contractuale, aspectele referitoare la \u00eentinderea \u0219i scaden\u021ba obliga\u021biilor de plat\u0103, precum \u0219i cele referitoare la penalit\u0103\u021bile de \u00eent\u00e2rziere aplicabile. Mai departe, creditorii trebuie s\u0103 organizeze proceduri interne de comunicare a rapoartelor de activitate \/ situa\u021biilor de lucr\u0103ri \u0219i a facturilor fiscale aferente, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t caracterul cert, lichid \u0219i exigibil al crean\u021belor pe care le de\u021bin s\u0103 nu poat\u0103 fi comb\u0103tut de c\u0103tre debitori. Prin urmarea acestor pa\u0219i simpli, creditorii \u00ee\u0219i pot asigura premizele recuper\u0103rii rapide \u0219i eficiente a sumelor restante, lucru care este esen\u021bial \u00een contextul economic actual.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Procedura ordonan\u0163ei de plat\u0103 reglementat\u0103 prin noul Cod de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103 \u00eenlocuie\u015fte at\u00e2t procedura soma\u0163iei de plat\u0103, con\u0163inut\u0103 \u00een O.G. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1972,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[133,150],"class_list":["post-1829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-law","tag-datorii-en","tag-proceduri-legale-en"],"yoast_head":"\nProcedura ordonan\u021bei de plat\u0103 | AAD Lawyers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aceasta reprezint\u0103 o modalitate rapid\u0103 de recuperare a crean\u0163elor raportat\u0103 la timpul alocat unei proceduri de drept comun.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/en\/procedura-ordonantei-de-plata-o-varianta-rapida-si-accesibila-de-recuperare-a-datoriilor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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