\u00cen anul 2006, Ministerul Economiei \u0219i Finan\u021belor din Rom\u00e2nia a semnat un Acord cu FIDIC, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd dreptul de a traduce \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i de a include \u00een legisla\u021bie clauze contractuale standardizate, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n
Denumirile Condi\u021biilor de Contract (ro\u0219u, galben, verde) au la baz\u0103 culorile purtate de coper\u021bile c\u0103r\u021bilor \u00een cadrul c\u0103rora au fost publicate.
\nCondi\u021biile de contract ce au f\u0103cut obiectul acestui Acord pot fi adaptate de c\u0103tre fiecare stat \u00een parte prin Clauzele Speciale. Astfel, institu\u021biile publice folosesc Clauzele Speciale (CSC) pentru a amenda clauzele contractuale ce fac parte din Condi\u021biile Generale (CGC), astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea s\u0103 fie aliniate legisla\u021biei\/reglement\u0103rilor na\u021bionale.<\/p>\n
De aproape doi ani echipa noastr\u0103 \u00eei este al\u0103turi unui Antreprenor ce se afl\u0103 \u00een executarea unui contract de execu\u021bie ce cuprinde clauze de tip FIDIC ro\u0219u \u0219i beneficiaz\u0103 de finan\u021bare din fonduri europene, prin Autoritatea de Management pentru Programul Opera\u021bional Sectorial Mediu.<\/p>\n
Atunci c\u00e2nd e\u0219ti implicat \u00eentr-un asemenea proiect trebuie s\u0103 lucrezi \u201ecot la cot\u201d cu Reprezentantul Antreprenorului \u00een \u0219antier, fiind extrem de important ca departamentul juridic s\u0103 fie informat cu privire la toate problemele sau dificult\u0103\u021bile \u00eent\u00e2lnite de Antreprenor \u00een execu\u021bie, \u00een caz contrar exist\u00e2nd riscul ca diversele preten\u021bii ale Antreprenorului s\u0103 fie respinse pe motiv c\u0103 informarea Beneficiarului \u0219i a Inginerului Rezident nu s-a f\u0103cut \u00een termenele contractuale.<\/p>\n
Printre problemele ce ne-au fost \u00eencredin\u021bate spre solu\u021bionare \u00een cadrul acestui proiect se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i aceea c\u0103 procedura de verificare a situa\u021biilor lunare de lucr\u0103ri \u0219i de plat\u0103 era foarte greoaie, nu de pu\u021bine ori Antreprenorul a\u0219tept\u00e2nd c\u00e2teva luni pentru a-i fi achitate lucr\u0103rile realizate.<\/p>\n
Una dintre modalit\u0103\u021bile prin care i-am venit \u00een ajutor Antreprenorului a fost aceea de a verifica \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 era posibil\u0103 deblocarea unora dintre sumele re\u021binute de Beneficiar drept garan\u021bie, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t Antreprenorul s\u0103-\u0219i acopere o parte din crean\u021bele rezultate ca urmare a \u00eent\u00e2rzierilor \u00een achitarea situa\u021biilor lunare de lucr\u0103ri.<\/p>\n
\u00cen acest mod am identificat faptul c\u0103 la data de 19.11.2014 a intrat \u00een vigoare Instruc\u021biunea Ministerului Fondurilor Europene privind plata sumelor re\u021binute din certificatele de plat\u0103 printr-un mecanism de garantare adecvat, \u00een cadrul contractelor de lucr\u0103ri finan\u021bate prin Programul opera\u021bional sectorial Mediu din 05.11.2014 (Instruc\u021biuna MFE din 2014) publicat\u0103 \u00een Monitorul oficial din aceea\u0219i dat\u0103.
\nPrin aceast\u0103 instruc\u021biune, Ministerul Fondurilor Europene (MFE) a dispus dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n
\u00cen vederea implement\u0103rii noului mecanism, at\u00e2t pentru contractele noi, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een cazul contractelor de lucr\u0103ri aflate \u00een implementare, se vor avea \u00een vedere urm\u0103toarele aspecte:<\/p>\n
\n\u00cen cazul contractelor de lucr\u0103ri care se deruleaz\u0103 sub inciden\u0163a condi\u0163iilor de contract similare FIDIC, se va amenda subclauza 14.9 din cadrul CGC prin CSC, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/em><\/h3>\n
La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul subclauzei 14.9 se adaug\u0103 urm\u0103toarele paragrafe:<\/em><\/h3>\n
Antreprenorul poate solicita \u00een orice moment ca sumele re\u0163inute, certificate de c\u0103tre inginer \u015fi deduse din certificatele interimare de plat\u0103, s\u0103 fie pl\u0103tite de c\u0103tre beneficiar, cu condi\u0163ia ca antreprenorul s\u0103 furnizeze beneficiarului, \u00een prealabil, o garan\u0163ie bancar\u0103\/un instrument de garantare pentru sumele re\u0163inute, a c\u0103rei valoare s\u0103 fie egal\u0103 cu valoarea re\u0163inerilor solicitate la plat\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n
Aceast\u0103 garan\u0163ie va fi emis\u0103 de c\u0103tre o societate bancar\u0103\/o societate bancar\u0103 sau de asigur\u0103ri \u015fi va avea formatul anexat la contract ori un format aprobat \u00een prealabil de beneficiar, \u00een moneda \u015fi cu valoarea cel pu\u0163in egal\u0103 cu cea a pl\u0103\u0163ii. Garan\u0163ia va fi irevocabil\u0103 \u015fi va prevede c\u0103 plata garan\u0163iei se va executa necondi\u0163ionat, la prima cerere a beneficiarului. Antreprenorul se va asigura c\u0103 garan\u0163ia este valabil\u0103 \u015fi \u00een vigoare p\u00e2n\u0103 la execu\u0163ia \u015fi terminarea lucr\u0103rilor de c\u0103tre antreprenor \u015fi remedierea oric\u0103ror defec\u0163iuni.<\/em><\/p>\n
Valoarea garan\u0163iei (sau garan\u0163iilor) pentru sume re\u0163inute va acoperi, \u00een orice moment, valoarea total\u0103 a sumelor care ar fi fost re\u0163inute \u00een aplicarea prevederilor subclauzei 14.3 [Prezentarea situa\u0163iilor interimare de lucr\u0103ri] subparagraful (c), deduc\u00e2ndu-se sumele care ar fi fost pl\u0103tite \u00een conformitate cu prevederile primelor patru paragrafe ale prezentei subclauze. Dac\u0103, \u00een orice moment, \u00eenainte de emiterea certificatului de recep\u0163ie la terminarea lucr\u0103rilor, valoarea garantat\u0103 a sumelor re\u0163inute este inferioar\u0103 valorii totale a sumelor care ar fi fost re\u0163inute \u00een aplicarea prevederilor subclauzei 14.3 [Prezentarea situa\u0163iilor interimare de lucr\u0103ri] subparagraful (c), diferen\u0163a va fi re\u0163inut\u0103 efectiv din certificatul de plat\u0103.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
A\u0219adar, MFE a creat un mecanism de restituire a sumelor re\u021binute din certificatele interimare de plat\u0103 (instrumente de plat\u0103 ale situa\u021biilor lunare de lucr\u0103ri), cu scopul de a men\u021bine un echilibru \u00een contractele ce con\u021bin clauze tip FIDIC \u0219i pentru a r\u0103spunde necesit\u0103\u021bilor Antreprenorilor din cadrul acestor proiecte de a dispune de rezerve \u00een numerar care s\u0103 le permit\u0103 s\u0103 sus\u021bin\u0103 volumul crescut de investi\u021bii ce este pretins de beneficiar \u00een asemenea cazuri.<\/p>\n
Ca modalitate de implementare a dispozi\u021biilor Instruc\u021biunii, se arat\u0103 c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile de management vor emite c\u0103tre beneficiarii proiectelor de investi\u021bii instruc\u021biuni privind mecanismele de amendare, prin act adi\u021bional, a condi\u021biilor de contract, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t prevederile Instruc\u021biunii s\u0103 produc\u0103 efecte. De asemenea, autorit\u0103\u021bile de management \u0219i beneficiarii vor decide tipul instrumentului de garantare pe care-l vor solicita (garan\u021bie emis\u0103 exclusiv de o institu\u021bie bancar\u0103 sau de o institu\u021bie bancar\u0103\/de asigur\u0103ri).<\/p>\n
Totodat\u0103, beneficiarii proiectelor de investi\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 propun\u0103 antreprenorilor \u00eencheierea unor acte adi\u021bionale la contracte, \u00een sensul amend\u0103rii prevederilor referitoare la plata sumelor re\u021binute.
\nContractul despre care facem vorbire a fost semnat \u00een anul 2013, anterior intr\u0103rii \u00een vigoare a Instruc\u021biunii MFE din 2014. \u00cenainte de semnarea contractului, sub-clauza 14.9 din Condi\u021biile Generale de Contract (CGC) a fost amendat\u0103 prin Condi\u021biile Speciale de Contract (CSC), \u00eens\u0103 nu avea acela\u0219i con\u021binut precum cel din Instruc\u021biune.<\/p>\nAstfel, prin CSC, la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul sub-clauzei 14.9 din CGC s-au ad\u0103ugat urm\u0103toarele paragrafe:<\/h3>\n
Antreprenorul poate cere plata Sumelor re\u021binute \u00een schimbul transmiterii Autorit\u0103\u021bii Contractante a unei garan\u021bii bancare. \u00cen astfel de cazuri, Inginerul va aproba \u0219i Autoritatea Contractant\u0103 va efectua plata c\u0103tre Antreprenor a sumelor asociate Sumelor Re\u021binute, dup\u0103 ob\u021binerea garan\u021biei ce va fi \u00een formatul \u0219i emis\u0103 de o entitate aprobate de c\u0103tre Autoritatea Contractant\u0103 , \u00een valoarea \u0219i moneda egale cu cele ale pl\u0103\u021bii ce trebuie efectuate. Antreprenorul poate cre\u0219te gradual valoarea garan\u021biei bancare \u00een conformitate cu estim\u0103rile transmise potrrivit sub-clauzei 14.4. (Graficul de pl\u0103\u021bi). Valoarea garan\u021biei bancare va fi totu\u0219i egal\u0103 cu limita sumelor re\u021binute specificat\u0103 \u00een Anexa la Ofert\u0103 atunci c\u00e2t totalul tuturor pl\u0103\u021bilor aprobate (exclusiv plata \u00een avans, deducerile \u0219i restituirile sumelor re\u021binute) dep\u0103\u0219esc 70 de procente din valoarea de contract acceptat\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n
Antreprenorul va asigura c\u0103 garan\u021bia este valid\u0103 \u0219i \u00een vigoare p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd Antreprenorul a executat \u0219i terminat Lucr\u0103rile \u0219i a remediat orice defecte, a\u0219a cu este specificat pentru Garan\u021bia de Bun\u0103 Execu\u021bie \u00een sub-clauza 4.2. Returnarea garan\u021biei se va face \u00een locul eliber\u0103rii celei de-a doua jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi a sumelor re\u021binute potrivit prevederilor paragrafului secund al sub-clauzei 14.9, \u00een timp ce Antreprenorul va fi \u00eendrept\u0103\u021bit, dup\u0103 emiterea Procesului Verbal de Recep\u021bie la Terminarea Lucr\u0103rilor recomand\u00e2nd recep\u021bionarea cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 observa\u021bii a Lucr\u0103rilor, la o reducere a valorii garan\u021biei bancare corespunz\u0103tor primei jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bi a Sumelor Re\u021binute.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Din simpla lecturare a acestora am sesizat faptul c\u0103 acestea nu respectau exigen\u021bele impuse prin Instruc\u021biunea MFE din 2014, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 se impunea amendarea sub-clauzei, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t Antreprenorul s\u0103 poat\u0103 solicita restituirea sumelor re\u021binute \u00een schimbul prezent\u0103rii unei poli\u021be de asigurare, iar nu numai a unei scrisori de garan\u021bie bancar\u0103.<\/p>\n
\u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, ne-am adresat Beneficiarului cu o cerere de modificare a contractului, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acesta s\u0103 fie \u00een acord cu dispozi\u021biile Instruc\u021biunii din 2014, solicit\u00e2nd totodat\u0103 ca tipul instrumentului de garantare ales s\u0103 fie asigurarea emis\u0103 de o societate de asigur\u0103ri, \u00eentr-un format agreat de Beneficiar. Astfel, i-am solicitat Beneficiarului s\u0103 aib\u0103 \u00een vedere faptul c\u0103 alegerea garan\u021biei emise exclusiv de c\u0103tre o societate bancar\u0103 nu ar putea duce la realizarea efectelor urm\u0103rite de Instruc\u021biunea MFE din 2014 \u00een cazul contractului nostru, \u00eentruc\u00e2t ar \u00eensemna c\u0103, pentru a ob\u021bine eliberarea sumelor re\u021binute, Antreprenorul ar fi trebuit s\u0103 pun\u0103 la dispozi\u021bia institu\u021biei bancare o sum\u0103 egal\u0103 cu suma pe care o solicit\u0103 spre eliberare, \u00een caz contrar societatea bancar\u0103 nefiind de acord s\u0103-i pun\u0103 la dispozi\u021bie o scrisoare de garan\u021bie bancar\u0103. Or, \u00een acest context, cel pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 la eliberarea sumelor re\u021binute, Antreprenorul ar fi trebuit s\u0103 dispun\u0103 de o sum\u0103 \u00een numerar egal\u0103 cu cea pe care o solicita spre eliberare. A\u0219adar, contravaloarea sumelor re\u021binute ar fi r\u0103mas \u00een continuare blocat\u0103 \u00een schimbul scrisorii de garan\u021bie bancar\u0103, ceea ce difer\u0103 fiind doar entitatea la dispozi\u021bia c\u0103reia s-ar fi aflat banii.<\/p>\n
Dup\u0103 numeroase discu\u021bii privitoare la legalitatea \u0219i oportunitatea acestei modific\u0103ri a contractului, Beneficiarul a fost, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, de acord c\u0103 amendarea contractului conform Instruc\u021biunii din 2014 nu este pentru acesta o op\u021biune, ci o obliga\u021bie, sens \u00een care p\u0103r\u021bile contractului au semnat actul adi\u021bional de modificare a sub-clauzei 14.9, iar Beneficiarul i-a restituit Antreprenorului sumele re\u021binute dup\u0103 ce acesta din urm\u0103 i-a prezentat o poli\u021b\u0103 de asigurare \u00eentr-un format agreat \u00een prealabil.<\/p>\n
\u00cen concluzie, se recomand\u0103 societ\u0103\u021bilor de construc\u021bii care sunt angrenate \u00een contracte de tip FIDIC s\u0103 studieze \u00eendeaproape mijloacele legale disponibile pentru a facilita fluidizarea remuner\u0103rii constructorului, consult\u00e2ndu-se, \u00een acest sens, cu persoane care dispun de cuno\u0219tin\u021bele juridice necesare pentru a le veni \u00een ajutor, sus\u021bin\u00e2nd solicit\u0103rile acestora de natur\u0103 tehnico-economic\u0103 \u0219i prin argumente \u00eentemeiate \u00een drept.<\/p>\n
foto credit: clydeco<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Federa\u021bia Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Inginerilor Consultan\u021bi, prescurtat\u0103 FIDIC, a fost \u00eenfiin\u021bat\u0103 \u00een anul 1913 \u0219i este format\u0103 din asocia\u021biile inginerilor consultan\u021bi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1796,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[106,108,143,144],"class_list":["post-1826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-law","tag-fidic-en","tag-fonduri-europene-en","tag-antreprenoriat-en","tag-contracte-en"],"yoast_head":"\n
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