{"id":1825,"date":"2023-11-01T17:02:20","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T17:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/vatamarea-corporala-din-culpa-analiza-comparativa-intre-prevederile-codului-penal-in-vigoare-si-cele-ale-codului-penal-anterior\/"},"modified":"2024-02-21T16:25:43","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T16:25:43","slug":"vatamarea-corporala-din-culpa-analiza-comparativa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/en\/vatamarea-corporala-din-culpa-analiza-comparativa\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103. Analiz\u0103 comparativ\u0103 \u00eentre prevederile Codului penal \u00een vigoare \u0219i cele ale Codului penal anterior."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen cele ce urmeaz\u0103 vom realiza o scurt\u0103 analiz\u0103 a art. 196 din Codul penal \u00een vigoare \u2013 \u201eV\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103\u201d, prevedere legal\u0103 de interes mai ales pentru conduc\u0103torii auto ce sunt expu\u0219i \u00een mod frecvent la situa\u021bii ce ar putea atrage r\u0103spunderea lor penal\u0103 pentru atingeri aduse integrit\u0103\u021bii corporale sau s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii altor persoane.<\/h2>\n

Legiuitorul a ales s\u0103 reglementeze infrac\u021biunea de v\u0103t\u0103mare corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103 prin efectuarea unor trimiteri la art. 193 alin. (2), articol cu denumirea marginal\u0103 \u2013 \u201eLoviri sau alte violen\u021be\u201d prin care este incriminat\u0103 fapta de a produce leziuni traumatice unei persoane sau de a-i afecta s\u0103n\u0103tate \u00eentr-o asemenea manier\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 necesite \u00eengrijiri medicale de cel mult 90 de zile, precum \u0219i la art. 194 alin. 1, articol cu denumirea marginal\u0103 \u201eV\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103\u201d, prin care este incriminat\u0103 fapta de a produce urm\u0103toarele consecin\u021be suplimentare fa\u021b\u0103 de cele de la art. 193 alin.1 Cod penal: o infirmitate; leziuni traumatice\/afectarea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii unei persoane care au necesitat, pentru vindecare, mai mult de 90 de zile de \u00eengrijiri medicale; un prejudiciu estetic grav \u0219i permanent; avortul; punerea \u00een primejdie a vie\u021bii persoanei.<\/p>\n

Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 vinov\u0103\u021bia cerut\u0103 de lege \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 variant\u0103 a infrac\u021biunii de loviri \u0219i alte violen\u021be este inten\u021bia direct\u0103, inten\u021bia indirect\u0103 sau premeditat\u0103, ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 variant\u0103 a infrac\u021biunii este comis\u0103 din culp\u0103?<\/h3>\n

R\u0103spunsul acestei \u00eentreb\u0103ri \u00eel g\u0103sim \u00een art. 196 alin. (1) Cod penal, \u00eens\u0103 apreciem ca fiind necesare urm\u0103toarele clarific\u0103ri
\nPentru ca o fapt\u0103 ce a provocat urm\u0103rile enumerate limitativ \u00een cadrul art. 193 alin.2 Cod Penal, s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103 din culp\u0103, s\u0103 constituie infrac\u021biune, aceasta trebuie s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 una dintre urm\u0103toarele condi\u021bii:<\/p>\n

a. s\u0103 fie s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103 de o persoan\u0103 aflat\u0103 sub influen\u021ba b\u0103uturilor alcoolice sau a substan\u021belor psihoactive,
\nb. s\u0103 fie s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103 de o persoan\u0103 aflat\u0103 \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea unei activit\u0103\u021bi ce constituie prin ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i infrac\u021biune.<\/h3>\n

Astfel, dac\u0103 nu ne afl\u0103m \u00een prezen\u021ba acestor dou\u0103 circumstan\u021bieri, r\u0103spunderea penal\u0103 este \u00eenl\u0103turat\u0103.
\n\u00cen privin\u021ba variantei prev\u0103zute de art. 196 alin. 2 rap. la art. 194 alin. 1 Cod penal, legiuitorul nu a prev\u0103zut nicio condi\u021bie suplimentar\u0103. \u00cen leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 variant\u0103, legiuitorul a prev\u0103zut \u0219i o agravant\u0103 \u2013 atunci c\u00e2nd fapta a fost s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103 ca urmare a nerespect\u0103rii dispozi\u021biilor legale \u0219i a m\u0103surilor de prevedere pentru exerci\u021biul unei profesii sau meserii ori pentru efectuarea unei anumite activit\u0103\u021bi.
\nArticolul \u00een cauz\u0103 prezint\u0103 implica\u021bii importante \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te aplicarea legii penale \u00een timp, mai precis, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te aplicarea principiului legii penale mai favorabile, \u00een conformitate cu art. 5 Cod Penal.<\/p>\n

\u00cen privin\u021ba v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103rii corporale din culp\u0103, Codul Penal anterior dispunea c\u0103 o fapt\u0103 ce realizeaz\u0103 urm\u0103rile prev\u0103zute la art. 180 alin.2 cu denumirea marginal\u0103 \u201eLoviri sau alte violen\u021be\u201d, s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103 din culp\u0103, va fi pedepsit\u0103, singura condi\u021bie fiind ca gravitatea faptei s\u0103 fie evaluat\u0103 prin cel pu\u021bin 10 zile de \u00eengrijiri medicale.<\/p>\n

Compar\u00e2nd cele dou\u0103 dispozi\u021bii, observ\u0103m c\u0103 actualul Cod Penal, prin impunerea unor condi\u021bii mai restrictive de pedepsire a infrac\u021biunii de v\u0103t\u0103mare corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103, constituie legea penal\u0103 mai favorabil\u0103.<\/h3>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te modalitatea de aplicare a legii penale mai favorabile, este de interes Decizia nr. 5\/2014 ( M. Of. nr. 470 din 26 iunie 2014) \u00een cadrul c\u0103reia \u00cenalta Curte de Casa\u021bie \u0219i Justi\u021bie, cu ocazia solu\u021bion\u0103rii unui recurs \u00een interesul legii, a interpretat art.5 din Codul Penal \u00een vigoare astfel:<\/p>\n

\u00cen aplicarea art. 5 din Codul Penal, se are \u00een vedere criteriul aprecierii globale a legii penale mai favorabile. Constat\u0103 ca nu este permis\u0103 combinarea prevederilor din legi succesive \u00een stabilirea \u0219i aplicarea legii penale mai favorabile cu privire la condi\u021biile de existen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i sanc\u021bionare ale infrac\u021biunii \u00een form\u0103 continuat\u0103.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Devine incident \u00een acest sens \u0219i art. 4 din Codul Penal actual, articol ce aduce \u00een discu\u021bie aplicarea legii penale de dezincriminare. De\u0219i la o prim\u0103 analiz\u0103 am putea afirma faptul c\u0103 articolul \u00een cauz\u0103 va fi incident doar \u00een acele situa\u021bii c\u00e2nd anumite fapte nu mai sunt prev\u0103zute ca infrac\u021biuni \u00een legea nou\u0103, Legea 187\/2012 pentru punerea \u00een aplicare a Legii 286\/2009 privind Codul Penal interpreteaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 dispozi\u021bie incluz\u00e2nd \u0219i acele situa\u021bii c\u00e2nd o fapt\u0103 determinat\u0103 comis\u0103 sub imperiul legii vechi , nu mai constituie infrac\u021biune potrivit legii noi, datorit\u0103 modific\u0103rii elementelor constitutive ale infrac\u021biunii (acesta fiind \u0219i situa\u021bia analizat\u0103 de noi).<\/p>\n

Putem concluziona c\u0103 a operat o dezincriminare a faptelor de v\u0103t\u0103mare corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu care nu este \u00eendeplinit\u0103 niciuna dintre condi\u021biile alternative prev\u0103zute de art. 196 alin. 1 Cod Penal (s\u0103 fie s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103 de o persoan\u0103 aflat\u0103 sub influen\u021ba b\u0103uturilor alcoolice sau \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea unei activit\u0103\u021bi ce constituie prin ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i o infrac\u021biune). Ca efect al acestei dezincrimin\u0103ri \u00eenceteaz\u0103 executarea pedepselor, m\u0103surilor educative \u00een cazul minorilor \u0219i m\u0103surilor de siguran\u021b\u0103, precum \u0219i toate celelalte consecin\u021be penale ale hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor judec\u0103tore\u0219ti de condamnare pronun\u021bate pentru faptele dezincriminate.<\/p>\n

Pentru o mai u\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een\u021belegere a explica\u021biilor de mai sus, v\u0103 propunem urm\u0103torul exemplu concret:<\/h2>\n

Fapta unui conduc\u0103tor auto care, din culp\u0103, a provocat leziuni ce au necesitat p\u00e2n\u0103 la 90 de zile de \u00eengrijiri medicale unui pieton care a traversat strada printr-un loc permis\/nepermis, atunci c\u00e2nd conduc\u0103torul auto nu se afla sub influen\u021ba b\u0103uturilor alcoolice \u0219i nici nu a desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 o alt\u0103 activitate care s\u0103 constituie prin ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i o infrac\u021biune (spre exemplu nu a condus autoturismul f\u0103r\u0103 a avea permis de conducere) nu reprezint\u0103 infrac\u021biunea de v\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103. Dac\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 leziunile pietonului vor cauza consecin\u021bele mai grave prev\u0103zute de art. 194 alin.1 Cod penal (pe care le-am enumerat mai sus), spre exemplu, pietonul accidentat \u0219i-ar pierde o m\u00e2n\u0103, atunci conduc\u0103torul auto va r\u0103spunde penal, chiar dac\u0103 nu sunt \u00eendeplinite condi\u021biile alternative prev\u0103zute de art. 196 alin. 1 Cod penal.
\nRamona Berin<\/p>\n

foto credit: Matheus Bertelli<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen cele ce urmeaz\u0103 vom realiza o scurt\u0103 analiz\u0103 a art. 196 din Codul penal \u00een vigoare \u2013 \u201eV\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[146],"class_list":["post-1825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law","tag-analiza-en"],"yoast_head":"\nV\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103 - analiz\u0103 comparativ\u0103 | AAD Lawyers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A scurt\u0103 analiz\u0103 a art. 196 din Codul penal \u00een vigoare \u2013 \u201eV\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103\u201d, prevedere legal\u0103 de interes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/en\/vatamarea-corporala-din-culpa-analiza-comparativa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103 - analiz\u0103 comparativ\u0103 | AAD Lawyers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A scurt\u0103 analiz\u0103 a art. 196 din Codul penal \u00een vigoare \u2013 \u201eV\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103\u201d, prevedere legal\u0103 de interes.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/en\/vatamarea-corporala-din-culpa-analiza-comparativa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AAD Lawyers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AADLawyers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-01T17:02:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-21T16:25:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/vatamarea-corporala-din-culpa.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"maxim\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"maxim\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/en\/vatamarea-corporala-din-culpa-analiza-comparativa\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/en\/vatamarea-corporala-din-culpa-analiza-comparativa\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"maxim\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/aad-lawyers.ro\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/012265e69442383e3c2e5d99f6f1f96c\"},\"headline\":\"V\u0103t\u0103marea corporal\u0103 din culp\u0103. 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